{"id":8699,"date":"2012-12-05T20:51:55","date_gmt":"2012-12-06T01:51:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/?p=8699"},"modified":"2012-12-05T20:51:58","modified_gmt":"2012-12-06T01:51:58","slug":"the-role-of-nutrition-and-exercise-in-longevity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/?p=8699","title":{"rendered":"The Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Longevity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/?cat=269\">Breathing In This Life<\/a>]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #f90592;\">The Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Longevity<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #f90592;\">By Ginger Garner MPT, ATC, PYT<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8701\" href=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/?attachment_id=8701\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-8701\" title=\"shutterstock_1013247\" src=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shutterstock_10132471-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shutterstock_10132471-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shutterstock_10132471-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shutterstock_10132471.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>No one wants to hear the phrase \u201cyou are aging prematurely.\u201d\u00a0 However, that is exactly what is happening when you suffer from chronic disease.<\/p>\n<p>The phrase \u201canti-inflammatory diet\u201d is a huge buzzword now in medicine, fitness, and nutrition circles. But does it have any scientific support? Can we actually improve longevity through our nutritional and exercise habits?<\/p>\n<p>The short answer is yes. \u00a0Harvard trained physician and integrative medicine pioneer, Dr. Andrew Weil states, <em>\u201cIt is becoming increasingly clear that chronic inflammation is the root cause of many serious illnesses \u2013 including heart disease, many cancers, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.\u201d<\/em> There is mounting evidence that foods and exercise can either cause or create inflammation in the body.\u00a0 Researchers and health care professionals alike report that most all modern diseases can be attributed to inflammation in the body.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Melissa\\Dropbox\\YangShengMag\\2012_6%20Nov-Dec%20issue\\Edited%20Ready%20to%20publish\\Garner-%20The%20Role%20of%20Nutrition%20and%20Exercise%20in%20Longevity.docx#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>But how can we sort through the gimmick diets and mountains of supplements recommended to us by pop culture science? First, let\u2019s take a look at the science of inflammation in the body to understand why inflammation, even low grade levels of inflammation, can wreck your health.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Science of Food-Induced Inflammation <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Saturated Fat &amp; Trans-Fatty Acids<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;All foods fit into three categories: pro-inflammatory, neutral, or anti-inflammatory,&#8221; says dermatologist and best-selling author, Nicholas Perricone, MD.\u00a0 Perricone says an anti-aging diet slows cellular aging, which depends on choosing foods that are anti-inflammatory and rich in antioxidants.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Alcock and colleagues, in a landmark study (Alcock et al 2012) on the role of dietary fats in inflammation, show through a comprehensive literature review of over 207 peer-reviewed medical studies, reported that \u201cthe body preferentially up-regulates inflammation in response to saturated fatty acids, which promotes harmful microbes.\u201d\u00a0 In short, the study found that saturated fat consumption immediately increases activity and presence of harmful and damaging gut bacteria, which are correlated with increased inflammatory response and expression of inflammatory genes. Saturated fats in general, induce inflammation by \u201cactivating nuclear transcription factors \u201c(Schwartz et al 2010).\u00a0 The take home message is that a plant based diet, high in anti-oxidants, flavonoids, prebiotic, and probiotic function, can reduce our risk and even help us immediately manage inflammatory states in the body.<\/p>\n<p>But that is not all.\u00a0 Saturated fats are not the only lurking inflammatory culprit of chronic disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sugar &amp; Starches<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In addition to saturated fats and trans fatty acids, other foods which are inflammatory agents include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sugar<br \/>\nHigh sugar diets lead to abnormal modulation of the gut microbiome. This essentially contributes to insulin sensitivity, inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and other dysregulation in blood chemical levels (Cani et al 2009)<\/li>\n<li>Starches<br \/>\nHigh starch\/carbohydrate diets (potatoes) causes insulin levels to surge and trigger an inflammatory response and accelerate the aging process,&#8221; (Perricone).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"line-height: 24px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> In a Nurse\u2019s Health Study (Mozaffarian et al 2011)that followed over 128,000 Americans over a 20 year period, the following specific foods were found to cause the most weight gain and in this order:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Potatoes in all forms<\/li>\n<li>Sugar sweetened beverages<\/li>\n<li>Red meats<\/li>\n<li>Processed meats (deli meats)<\/li>\n<li>Trans fat<\/li>\n<li>Sweets\/desserts<\/li>\n<li>Refined grains<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>By contrast the same study found yogurt, whole fat milk, vegetables, whole grains, fruits, and nuts to be the least inflammatory.<\/li>\n<li>Other anti-inflammatory foods include red wine, green tea, dark chocolate, as well as many common vegetables like garlic, broccoli, onions, kale, and chile peppers.\u00a0 Berries (which the Environmental Working Group labels as one of the \u201cTop 12 Dirty Dozen\u201d produce which must be organic) are considered high in flavonoids and anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Learn more about what foods to include in an anti-inflammatory diet, which resembles a Mediterranean Diet, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.drweil.com\/drw\/ecs\/pyramid\/press-foodpyramid.html\">here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Exercise as an Anti-Aging Activity\u00a0<a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8703\" href=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/?attachment_id=8703\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-8703\" title=\"Elderly-woman-jog-in-park\" src=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elderly-woman-jog-in-park1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elderly-woman-jog-in-park1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elderly-woman-jog-in-park1-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elderly-woman-jog-in-park1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At the Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, research supports the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise as well. \u201cRegular exercise offers protection against all-cause mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. There is also evidence that physical training is effective as a treatment in patients with chronic heart diseases and type-2 diabetes\u201d via inducing anti-inflammatory actions (Pederson 2006).\u00a0 The study suggests that regular exercise induces suppression of inflammatory activity such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) induced insulin resistance.\u00a0 Brandt and Pederson (2010) also report that regular exercise offers protection against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer, breast cancer, and dementia via \u201cinduction of an anti-inflammatory effect secondary to reduction of visceral fat mass\u201d or by cellular and biochemical environmental changes in the exerciser.<\/p>\n<p>When a person exercises, scientists posit that contracting skeletal muscles facilitate healthy neuroendocrine regulation.\u00a0 This means that exercise (like yoga or Tai Chi, for example) via contracting skeletal muscles release myokines that have an anti-inflammatory biochemical, or endocrine, effect. Further, changes in signaling pathways involved in \u201cfat oxidation and glucose uptake\u201d further increase the anti-inflammatory benefits of exercise.\u00a0 What this means is that exercise can have both local and global anti-inflammatory effects. For example, therapists or physicians working in orthopaedic medicine should consider the enormous implications that anti-inflammatory dietary counseling would have on improved patient outcomes. Personally, it means that even after a single inflammatory meal \u2013 your body is adversely affected on both a macro (whole body health) and micro (cellular and biochemical health) level.\u00a0 The good news is that a single anti-inflammatory meal or bout of exercise can result in immediate improvement in your systemic health.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Benefits of having healthy \u201canti-inflammatory\u201d exercise and nutritional habits include:<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>(Gonzales 2010, Jin 2010, Larrosaa et al 2010, Mamplekou et al 2010, Muller 2010, Pantsulaia et al 2010, Sticher et al 2010, Garcia-Lafuente et al 2009,\u00a0Jurenka 2009, Tice et al 2003, McAlindon and Felson 1997):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decrease      your risk for chronic diseases like heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, and      dementia.<\/li>\n<li>Decrease      your risk of cancers like breast, prostate, colon, and colorectal cancer<\/li>\n<li>Decrease      your risk of neurodegenerative and <a href=\"http:\/\/drhyman.com\/how-to-stop-attacking-yourself-9-steps-to-heal-autoimmune-disease-1778\/\">autoimmune<\/a> diseases<\/li>\n<li>Lose &amp;      maintain a healthy weight<\/li>\n<li>Improve      lung\/respiratory health<\/li>\n<li>Improve      neurophysiological and psycho-emotional health (i.e. depression)<\/li>\n<li>Decrease      allergies<\/li>\n<li>Stabilize blood      sugar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pursuit of longevity and enjoying a high quality and quantity of life depends on developing good anti-inflammatory lifestyle habits, especially for exercise and nutrition. In effect, the old clich\u00e9 \u201cyou are what you eat,\u201d really is true.<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8704\" style=\"width: 242px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a rel=\"attachment wp-att-8704\" href=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/?attachment_id=8704\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8704\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8704\" title=\"Garner 300\" src=\"http:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Garner-300-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Garner-300-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/yang-sheng.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Garner-300.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8704\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ginger Garner<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Ginger Garner MPT, ATC \u2014 <\/strong>is an educator and subject matter expert in medical therapeutic yoga and women\u2019s health. As a published author and sought after speaker, Ginger pens the popular blog for mothers \u2014 Breathing In This Life (BITL \u2013which is one of the columns in Yang-Sheng magazine and network). \u00a0Ginger is founder of Professional Yoga Therapy (PYT), the first education program for Complementary and Alternative Medicine practice in medical therapeutic yoga in the US.\u00a0 Ginger\u2019s focus is on education and activism for maternal and child health \u2013 through BITL, her school, PYT, through the organization she founded for Haiti relief in 2009, Musicians 4 Missions, and her work with the Initiative to Educate Afghan Women.\u00a0 \u00a0Ginger has spoken and performed across the US to educate people about medical yoga and to raise awareness and funds for improving women\u2019s health. \u00a0\u00a0As a working mother of three she has learned a thing or two about finding work\/life balance through the healing arts, which she shares through BITL, at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gingergarner.blogspot.com\/\">www.gingergarner.blogspot.com<\/a>. \u00a0See Ginger\u2019s work at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gingergarner.com\/\">www.gingergarner.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Aggarwal BB, Harikumar KM. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases<strong>. <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/biology.\/\"><strong>Int J Biochem Cell Biol.<\/strong><\/a> 2009 Jan;41(1):40-59. Epub 2008 Jul 9.<\/li>\n<li>Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H. Curcumin: The Indian solid gold. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2007; 595: 1-75.<\/li>\n<li>Alcock J, Franklin ML, and Kuzawa CW. Nutrient Signaling: Evolutionary Origins of the Immune-Modulating Effects of Dietary Fat. The Quarterly Review of Biology. Vol 87, No. 3 September 2012. pp 187-223.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=Brandt%20C%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=20224659\">Brandt C<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=Pedersen%20BK%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=20224659\">Pedersen BK<\/a>. <strong>The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases.<\/strong> <a title=\"Journal of biomedicine &amp; biotechnology.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20224659\">J Biomed Biotechnol.<\/a> 2010;2010:520258. Epub 2010 Mar 9.<\/li>\n<li>Fantuzzi G. Aipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2005; 115:911-915.Garc\u00eda-Lafuente A, Guillam\u00f3n E, Villares A, Rostagno M, Mart\u00ednez J. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. <em>Inflammation Research. <\/em>Vol 58 (9); 2009-09-01: pp 537-552.Gonz\u00e1lez-Gallego J, Garc\u00eda-Mediavilla MV, S\u00e1nchez-Campos S, Tu\u00f1\u00f3n MJ. Fruit polyphenols, immunity and inflammation. Br J Nutr. Oct;104 Suppl 3:S15-27. 2010.Hsu A, Bray TM, Ho, E. Anti-inflammatory activity of soy and tea in prostate cancer prevention. Exp. Biol. Med. 2010 235: 659-667.Hyman, M. Is Your Body Burning Up With Inflammation? August 27, 2009. Article originally published in Huffington Post.Mathur N. Pedersen BK. Exercise as a means to control low-grade systemic inflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2008:2008:1-6.<\/li>\n<li>Jin JH, Kim JS, Kang SS, Son KH, Chang HW, Kim H. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of total flavonoids of the roots of Sophora flavescens. J Ethnopharmacol. Feb 17;127(3):589-95. Epub 2009 Dec 23.2010.<\/li>\n<li>Jurenka JS. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. <em>Alternative Medicine Review<\/em>, 2009 June; 14(2): 141-53.<\/li>\n<li>Mamplekou, E, Bountziouka, V, Psaltopoulou, T, Zeimbekis, A, Tsakoundakis, N, Papaerakleous, N, Gotsis, E, Metallinos, G, Pounis, G, Polychronopoulos, E, Lionis, C, Panagiotakos, D. Urban environment, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits correlate to depression among elderly living in eastern Mediterranean islands: The MEDIS (MEDiterranean ISlands elderly) study<em>. The Journal of Nutrition, Health &amp; Aging<\/em>. Vol 14(6); 2010-06-01: 449- 455.<\/li>\n<li>McAlindon T, Felson DT. Nutrition: risk factors for osteoarthritis. <em>Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:397-400 doi:10.1136\/ard.56.7.397<\/em>Mueller M, Hobiger S, Jungbauer. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of extracts from fruit<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>10.\u00a0 Mozaffarian et al 2010. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Medicine 7:31000252<\/p>\n<p>11.\u00a0 Pantsulaia I, Kalichman L, Kobyliansky E. Association between radiographic hand osteoarthritis and RANKL, OPG and inflammatory markers. Osteoarthritis and cartilage \/ OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society 1 November 2010 (volume 18 issue 11 Pages 1448-1453 DOI: 10.1016\/j.joca.2010.06.009)<\/p>\n<p>12.\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pederson 2006. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise. <\/span><a title=\"Essays in biochemistry.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17144883\">Essays Biochem.<\/a> 2006;42:105-17.<\/p>\n<p>13.\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pederson and Saltin 2006. Evidence for Prescribing Exercise as Therapy for Chronic Disease. <\/span>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports. <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.2006.16.issue-S1\/issuetoc\">Volume 16, Issue S1, <\/a>pages 3\u201363, February 2006<\/p>\n<p>14.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/cat.inist.fr\/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=18754700\">Peterson and Pederson 2006. The Role of IL-6 in Mediating the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.refdoc.fr\/?traduire=en&amp;FormRechercher=submit&amp;FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=listeTitreSerie:%20%28Journal%20of%20physiology%20and%20pharmacology%29\">Journal of physiology and pharmacology<\/a> <strong>ISSN<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.refdoc.fr\/?traduire=en&amp;FormRechercher=submit&amp;FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=identifiantsDoc:%20%280867-5910%29\">0867-5910<\/a> 2006,\u00a0vol.\u00a057,\u00a0pp.\u00a043-51,\u00a0SUP10\u00a0[9 page(s) (article)]<\/p>\n<p>15.\u00a0 Schwartz et al 2010. Nutrient Modification of the innate immune response: a novel mechanism by which saturated fatty acids greatly amplify monocyte inflammation. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 30: 802-808.<\/p>\n<p>16.\u00a0 Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, et al. The influence of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. Med. Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:1714-1719.<\/p>\n<p>17.\u00a0 Sticher MA, Smith CB, Davidson S. Reducing heart disease through the vegetarian diet using primary prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. VL \u00a0&#8211; 22, IS \u00a0&#8211; 3, PB \u00a0&#8211; Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 134-139. 2010.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Tice%20JA%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Tice JA<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Browner%20W%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Browner W<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Tracy%20RP%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Tracy RP<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Cummings%20SR%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Cummings SR<\/a>. The relation of C-reactive protein levels to total and cardiovascular mortality in older U.S. women. <a href=\"http:\/\/medicine.\/\"><em>Am J Med.<\/em><\/a> 2003 Feb 15;114(3):199-205.<\/p>\n<p>18.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Tice%20JA%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Tice JA<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Browner%20W%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Browner W<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Tracy%20RP%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Tracy RP<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?term=%22Cummings%20SR%22%5BAuthor%5D\">Cummings SR<\/a>. The relation of C-reactive protein levels to total and cardiovascular mortality in older U.S. women. <a href=\"http:\/\/medicine.\/\"><em>Am J Med.<\/em><\/a> 2003 Feb 15;114(3):199-205.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\\Users\\Melissa\\Dropbox\\YangShengMag\\2012_6%20Nov-Dec%20issue\\Edited%20Ready%20to%20publish\\Garner-%20The%20Role%20of%20Nutrition%20and%20Exercise%20in%20Longevity.docx#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Alcock et al 2012, Hsu 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gallego et al 2010, Larrosaa et al 2010, Sticher et al 2010, Hyman 2009, Garcia-Lafuente et al 2009, Aggarwal and Harikumar 2008, Aggarwal et al 2007, Fantuzzi 2005, Pederson 2006, Pederson and Saltin 2006, Peterson and Pederson 2006, Stewart et al 2007.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h1>\n<div><div style=\"padding-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:10pt;font-family:arial;font-weight:bold;\">Do you like this? 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